From 99ecbc62382b64d90859a734d3515cd64dc17573 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Paul A. Jungwirth" <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Feb 2024 21:45:37 -0800
Subject: [PATCH v28 2/9] Add temporal FOREIGN KEYs

- Added bison support for temporal FOREIGN KEYs. They should have a
  range column for the temporal component. (Multirange and other types
  are not yet supported.)
- Added temporal trigger functions akin to existing RI trigger
  functions.
- Don't yet support ON {UPDATE,DELETE} {CASCADE,SET NULL,SET DEFAULT}.
- Added pg_dump support.
- Show the correct syntax in psql \d output for foreign keys.
- Added tests and documentation.
---
 .../btree_gist/expected/without_overlaps.out  |  48 ++
 contrib/btree_gist/sql/without_overlaps.sql   |  28 +
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml                    |   3 +-
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml            |  41 +-
 src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c           |  43 ++
 src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c              |  49 +-
 src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c              | 212 +++++-
 src/backend/parser/gram.y                     |  45 +-
 src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c           | 128 +++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c             |  19 +-
 src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h           |  19 +-
 src/include/commands/defrem.h                 |   2 +-
 src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h                |   2 +
 src/include/parser/kwlist.h                   |   1 +
 .../regress/expected/without_overlaps.out     | 664 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/test/regress/sql/without_overlaps.sql     | 638 ++++++++++++++++-
 16 files changed, 1783 insertions(+), 159 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/btree_gist/expected/without_overlaps.out b/contrib/btree_gist/expected/without_overlaps.out
index be52c522e89..18856900ded 100644
--- a/contrib/btree_gist/expected/without_overlaps.out
+++ b/contrib/btree_gist/expected/without_overlaps.out
@@ -42,3 +42,51 @@ INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES
   (1, '[2000-06-01,2001-01-01)');
 ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "temporal_rng_pk"
 DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=(1, [06-01-2000,01-01-2001)) conflicts with existing key (id, valid_at)=(1, [01-01-2000,01-01-2001)).
+-- Foreign key
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+  id integer,
+  valid_at daterange,
+  parent_id integer,
+  CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+  CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+    REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+\d temporal_fk_rng2rng
+           Table "public.temporal_fk_rng2rng"
+  Column   |   Type    | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id        | integer   |           | not null | 
+ valid_at  | daterange |           | not null | 
+ parent_id | integer   |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk" PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk" FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at) REFERENCES temporal_rng(id, PERIOD valid_at)
+
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid) FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk';
+                                 pg_get_constraintdef                                  
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at) REFERENCES temporal_rng(id, PERIOD valid_at)
+(1 row)
+
+-- okay
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng VALUES
+  (1, '[2000-01-01,2001-01-01)', 1);
+-- okay spanning two parent records:
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng VALUES
+  (2, '[2000-01-01,2002-01-01)', 1);
+-- key is missing
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng VALUES
+  (3, '[2000-01-01,2001-01-01)', 3);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (parent_id, valid_at)=(3, [01-01-2000,01-01-2001)) is not present in table "temporal_rng".
+-- key exist but is outside range
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng VALUES
+  (4, '[2001-01-01,2002-01-01)', 2);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (parent_id, valid_at)=(2, [01-01-2001,01-01-2002)) is not present in table "temporal_rng".
+-- key exist but is partly outside range
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng VALUES
+  (5, '[2000-01-01,2002-01-01)', 2);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (parent_id, valid_at)=(2, [01-01-2000,01-01-2002)) is not present in table "temporal_rng".
diff --git a/contrib/btree_gist/sql/without_overlaps.sql b/contrib/btree_gist/sql/without_overlaps.sql
index 433c609ab22..b1b581fcabc 100644
--- a/contrib/btree_gist/sql/without_overlaps.sql
+++ b/contrib/btree_gist/sql/without_overlaps.sql
@@ -23,3 +23,31 @@ INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES
 -- should fail:
 INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES
   (1, '[2000-06-01,2001-01-01)');
+
+-- Foreign key
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+  id integer,
+  valid_at daterange,
+  parent_id integer,
+  CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+  CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+    REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+\d temporal_fk_rng2rng
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid) FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk';
+
+-- okay
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng VALUES
+  (1, '[2000-01-01,2001-01-01)', 1);
+-- okay spanning two parent records:
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng VALUES
+  (2, '[2000-01-01,2002-01-01)', 1);
+-- key is missing
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng VALUES
+  (3, '[2000-01-01,2001-01-01)', 3);
+-- key exist but is outside range
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng VALUES
+  (4, '[2001-01-01,2002-01-01)', 2);
+-- key exist but is partly outside range
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng VALUES
+  (5, '[2000-01-01,2002-01-01)', 2);
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 387a14b1869..a2565061fe9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2725,7 +2725,8 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para>
       <para>
        This constraint is defined with <literal>WITHOUT OVERLAPS</literal>
-       (for primary keys and unique constraints).
+       (for primary keys and unique constraints) or <literal>PERIOD</literal>
+       (for foreign keys).
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 4cbaaccaf7c..eaf3c4b705a 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI
   UNIQUE [ NULLS [ NOT ] DISTINCT ] ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] [, <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> WITHOUT OVERLAPS ] ) <replaceable class="parameter">index_parameters</replaceable> |
   PRIMARY KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] [, <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> WITHOUT OVERLAPS ] ) <replaceable class="parameter">index_parameters</replaceable> |
   EXCLUDE [ USING <replaceable class="parameter">index_method</replaceable> ] ( <replaceable class="parameter">exclude_element</replaceable> WITH <replaceable class="parameter">operator</replaceable> [, ... ] ) <replaceable class="parameter">index_parameters</replaceable> [ WHERE ( <replaceable class="parameter">predicate</replaceable> ) ] |
-  FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] ) REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
+  FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] [, PERIOD <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> ] ) REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] [, PERIOD <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> ] ) ]
     [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable
 class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] }
 [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
@@ -1152,8 +1152,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
    <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-parms-references">
     <term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
 
-   <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
-    REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
+   <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] [, PERIOD <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> ] )
+    REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] [, PERIOD <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> ] ) ]
     [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
     [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
     [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal>
@@ -1169,7 +1169,28 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
       primary key of the <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>
       is used.  Otherwise, the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable>
       list must refer to the columns of a non-deferrable unique or primary key
-      constraint or be the columns of a non-partial unique index.  The user
+      constraint or be the columns of a non-partial unique index.
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      If the last column is marked with <literal>PERIOD</literal>,
+      it is treated in a special way.
+      While the non-<literal>PERIOD</literal> columns are compared for equality
+      (and there must be at least one of them),
+      the <literal>PERIOD</literal> column is not.
+      Instead the constraint is considered satisfied
+      if the referenced table has matching records
+      (based on the non-<literal>PERIOD</literal> parts of the key)
+      whose combined <literal>PERIOD</literal> values completely cover
+      the referencing record's.
+      In other words, the reference must have a referent for its entire duration.
+      This column must be a column with a range type.
+      In addition the referenced table must have a primary key
+      or unique constraint declared with <literal>WITHOUT PORTION</literal>.
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      The user
       must have <literal>REFERENCES</literal> permission on the referenced
       table (either the whole table, or the specific referenced columns).  The
       addition of a foreign key constraint requires a
@@ -1243,6 +1264,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
           values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
           referenced columns, respectively.
          </para>
+
+         <para>
+          In a temporal foreign key, this option is not supported.
+         </para>
         </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
 
@@ -1254,6 +1279,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
           referencing columns, to null. A subset of columns can only be
           specified for <literal>ON DELETE</literal> actions.
          </para>
+
+         <para>
+          In a temporal foreign key, this option is not supported.
+         </para>
         </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
 
@@ -1267,6 +1296,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
           (There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
           values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
          </para>
+
+         <para>
+          In a temporal foreign key, this option is not supported.
+         </para>
         </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
       </variablelist>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 5ea9df219c1..27581c055fb 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/genam.h"
+#include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/htup_details.h"
 #include "access/sysattr.h"
 #include "access/table.h"
@@ -1605,6 +1606,48 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
 	*numfks = numkeys;
 }
 
+/*
+ * FindFkPeriodOpers -
+ *
+ * Looks up the operator oids used for the PERIOD part of a temporal foreign key.
+ * The opclass should be the opclass of that PERIOD element.
+ * Everything else is an output: periodoperoid is the ContainedBy operator for
+ * types matching the PERIOD element.
+ * And aggedperiodoperoid is also a ContainedBy operator,
+ * but one whose rhs is anymultirange.
+ * That way foreign keys can compare fkattr <@ range_agg(pkattr).
+ */
+void
+FindFKPeriodOpers(Oid opclass,
+				  Oid *periodoperoid,
+				  Oid *aggedperiodoperoid)
+{
+	StrategyNumber strat;
+
+	/*
+	 * Look up the ContainedBy operator whose lhs and rhs are the opclass's type.
+	 * We use this to optimize RI checks: if the new value includes all
+	 * of the old value, then we can treat the attribute as if it didn't change,
+	 * and skip the RI check.
+	 */
+	strat = RTContainedByStrategyNumber;
+	GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy(opclass,
+									 InvalidOid,
+									 periodoperoid,
+									 &strat);
+
+	/*
+	 * Now look up the ContainedBy operator.
+	 * Its left arg must be the type of the column (or rather of the opclass).
+	 * Its right arg must match the return type of the support proc.
+	 */
+	strat = RTContainedByStrategyNumber;
+	GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy(opclass,
+									 ANYMULTIRANGEOID,
+									 aggedperiodoperoid,
+									 &strat);
+}
+
 /*
  * Determine whether a relation can be proven functionally dependent on
  * a set of grouping columns.  If so, return true and add the pg_constraint
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c b/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
index de89be8d759..9e251b49bcf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
@@ -2185,8 +2185,10 @@ ComputeIndexAttrs(IndexInfo *indexInfo,
 				strat = RTOverlapStrategyNumber;
 			else
 				strat = RTEqualStrategyNumber;
-			GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy(opclassOids[attn], atttype,
-											 &opid, &strat);
+			GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy(opclassOids[attn],
+											 InvalidOid,
+											 &opid,
+											 &strat);
 			indexInfo->ii_ExclusionOps[attn] = opid;
 			indexInfo->ii_ExclusionProcs[attn] = get_opcode(opid);
 			indexInfo->ii_ExclusionStrats[attn] = strat;
@@ -2425,7 +2427,7 @@ GetDefaultOpClass(Oid type_id, Oid am_id)
  * GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy
  *
  * opclass - the opclass to use
- * atttype - the type to ask about
+ * rhstype - the type for the right-hand side, or InvalidOid to use the type of the given opclass.
  * opid - holds the operator we found
  * strat - holds the input and output strategy number
  *
@@ -2438,14 +2440,30 @@ GetDefaultOpClass(Oid type_id, Oid am_id)
  * InvalidStrategy.
  */
 void
-GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy(Oid opclass, Oid atttype,
-								 Oid *opid, StrategyNumber *strat)
+GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy(Oid opclass,
+								 Oid rhstype,
+								 Oid *opid,
+								 StrategyNumber *strat)
 {
 	Oid			opfamily;
 	Oid			opcintype;
 	StrategyNumber instrat = *strat;
+	char	   *errstr;
 
-	Assert(instrat == RTEqualStrategyNumber || instrat == RTOverlapStrategyNumber);
+	switch (instrat)
+	{
+		case RTEqualStrategyNumber:
+			errstr = "could not identify an equality operator for type %s";
+			break;
+		case RTOverlapStrategyNumber:
+			errstr = "could not identify an overlaps operator for type %s";
+			break;
+		case RTContainedByStrategyNumber:
+			errstr = "could not identify a contained by operator for type %s";
+			break;
+		default:
+			elog(ERROR, "unsupported strategy number %u", instrat);
+	}
 
 	*opid = InvalidOid;
 
@@ -2468,16 +2486,19 @@ GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy(Oid opclass, Oid atttype,
 
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
-					instrat == RTEqualStrategyNumber ?
-					errmsg("could not identify an equality operator for type %s", format_type_be(atttype)) :
-					errmsg("could not identify an overlaps operator for type %s", format_type_be(atttype)),
+					errmsg(errstr, format_type_be(opcintype)),
 					errdetail("Could not translate strategy number %d for operator class \"%s\" for access method \"%s\".",
 							  instrat, NameStr(((Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(tuple))->opcname), "gist"));
-
-			ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
 		}
 
-		*opid = get_opfamily_member(opfamily, opcintype, opcintype, *strat);
+		/*
+		 * We parameterize rhstype so foreign keys can ask for a <@ operator
+		 * whose rhs matches the aggregate function. For example range_agg
+		 * returns anymultirange.
+		 */
+		if (!OidIsValid(rhstype))
+			rhstype = opcintype;
+		*opid = get_opfamily_member(opfamily, opcintype, rhstype, *strat);
 	}
 
 	if (!OidIsValid(*opid))
@@ -2490,9 +2511,7 @@ GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy(Oid opclass, Oid atttype,
 
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
-				instrat == RTEqualStrategyNumber ?
-				errmsg("could not identify an equality operator for type %s", format_type_be(atttype)) :
-				errmsg("could not identify an overlaps operator for type %s", format_type_be(atttype)),
+				errmsg(errstr, format_type_be(opcintype)),
 				errdetail("There is no suitable operator in operator family \"%s\" for access method \"%s\".",
 						  NameStr(((Form_pg_opfamily) GETSTRUCT(tuple))->opfname), "gist"));
 	}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 2470265561a..cfd06e94aae 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "access/attmap.h"
 #include "access/genam.h"
+#include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/heapam.h"
 #include "access/heapam_xlog.h"
 #include "access/multixact.h"
@@ -209,6 +210,7 @@ typedef struct NewConstraint
 	ConstrType	contype;		/* CHECK or FOREIGN */
 	Oid			refrelid;		/* PK rel, if FOREIGN */
 	Oid			refindid;		/* OID of PK's index, if FOREIGN */
+	bool		conwithperiod;	/* Whether the new FOREIGN KEY uses PERIOD */
 	Oid			conid;			/* OID of pg_constraint entry, if FOREIGN */
 	Node	   *qual;			/* Check expr or CONSTR_FOREIGN Constraint */
 	ExprState  *qualstate;		/* Execution state for CHECK expr */
@@ -384,16 +386,16 @@ static int	transformColumnNameList(Oid relId, List *colList,
 static int	transformFkeyGetPrimaryKey(Relation pkrel, Oid *indexOid,
 									   List **attnamelist,
 									   int16 *attnums, Oid *atttypids,
-									   Oid *opclasses);
+									   Oid *opclasses, bool *pk_period);
 static Oid	transformFkeyCheckAttrs(Relation pkrel,
 									int numattrs, int16 *attnums,
-									Oid *opclasses);
+									bool with_period, Oid *opclasses);
 static void checkFkeyPermissions(Relation rel, int16 *attnums, int natts);
 static CoercionPathType findFkeyCast(Oid targetTypeId, Oid sourceTypeId,
 									 Oid *funcid);
 static void validateForeignKeyConstraint(char *conname,
 										 Relation rel, Relation pkrel,
-										 Oid pkindOid, Oid constraintOid);
+										 Oid pkindOid, Oid constraintOid, bool temporal);
 static void ATController(AlterTableStmt *parsetree,
 						 Relation rel, List *cmds, bool recurse, LOCKMODE lockmode,
 						 AlterTableUtilityContext *context);
@@ -506,7 +508,8 @@ static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstra
 											Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
 											int numfkdelsetcols, int16 *fkdelsetcols,
 											bool old_check_ok,
-											Oid parentDelTrigger, Oid parentUpdTrigger);
+											Oid parentDelTrigger, Oid parentUpdTrigger,
+											bool with_period);
 static void validateFkOnDeleteSetColumns(int numfks, const int16 *fkattnums,
 										 int numfksetcols, const int16 *fksetcolsattnums,
 										 List *fksetcols);
@@ -516,7 +519,9 @@ static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
 									Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
 									int numfkdelsetcols, int16 *fkdelsetcols,
 									bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode,
-									Oid parentInsTrigger, Oid parentUpdTrigger);
+									Oid parentInsTrigger, Oid parentUpdTrigger,
+									bool with_period);
+
 static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
 									   Relation partitionRel);
 static void CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel);
@@ -5962,7 +5967,8 @@ ATRewriteTables(AlterTableStmt *parsetree, List **wqueue, LOCKMODE lockmode,
 
 				validateForeignKeyConstraint(fkconstraint->conname, rel, refrel,
 											 con->refindid,
-											 con->conid);
+											 con->conid,
+											 con->conwithperiod);
 
 				/*
 				 * No need to mark the constraint row as validated, we did
@@ -9812,6 +9818,8 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 	Oid			ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS] = {0};
 	Oid			ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS] = {0};
 	int16		fkdelsetcols[INDEX_MAX_KEYS] = {0};
+	bool		with_period;
+	bool		pk_with_period;
 	int			i;
 	int			numfks,
 				numpks,
@@ -9906,6 +9914,14 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 	numfks = transformColumnNameList(RelationGetRelid(rel),
 									 fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
 									 fkattnum, fktypoid);
+	with_period = fkconstraint->fk_with_period || fkconstraint->pk_with_period;
+	if (with_period)
+	{
+		if (!fkconstraint->fk_with_period)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+					errmsg("foreign key uses PERIOD on the referenced table but not the referencing table")));
+	}
 
 	numfkdelsetcols = transformColumnNameList(RelationGetRelid(rel),
 											  fkconstraint->fk_del_set_cols,
@@ -9925,16 +9941,32 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 		numpks = transformFkeyGetPrimaryKey(pkrel, &indexOid,
 											&fkconstraint->pk_attrs,
 											pkattnum, pktypoid,
-											opclasses);
+											opclasses, &pk_with_period);
+
+		/* If the primary key uses WITHOUT OVERLAPS, the fk must use PERIOD */
+		if (pk_with_period && !fkconstraint->fk_with_period)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+					errmsg("foreign key uses PERIOD on the referenced table but not the referencing table")));
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		numpks = transformColumnNameList(RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
 										 fkconstraint->pk_attrs,
 										 pkattnum, pktypoid);
+
+		if (with_period)
+		{
+			if (!fkconstraint->pk_with_period)
+				/* Since we got pk_attrs, one should be a period. */
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+						errmsg("foreign key uses PERIOD on the referencing table but not the referenced table")));
+		}
+
 		/* Look for an index matching the column list */
 		indexOid = transformFkeyCheckAttrs(pkrel, numpks, pkattnum,
-										   opclasses);
+										   with_period, opclasses);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -10003,8 +10035,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 		Oid			pfeqop;
 		Oid			ppeqop;
 		Oid			ffeqop;
+		StrategyNumber	rtstrategy;
 		int16		eqstrategy;
 		Oid			pfeqop_right;
+		char	   *stratname;
+		bool		for_overlaps = with_period && i == numpks - 1;
 
 		/* We need several fields out of the pg_opclass entry */
 		cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
@@ -10016,16 +10051,51 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 		opcintype = cla_tup->opcintype;
 		ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
 
-		/*
-		 * Check it's a btree; currently this can never fail since no other
-		 * index AMs support unique indexes.  If we ever did have other types
-		 * of unique indexes, we'd need a way to determine which operator
-		 * strategy number is equality.  (Is it reasonable to insist that
-		 * every such index AM use btree's number for equality?)
-		 */
-		if (amid != BTREE_AM_OID)
-			elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
-		eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+		if (with_period)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * GiST indexes are required to support temporal foreign keys
+			 * because they combine equals and overlaps.
+			 */
+			if (amid != GIST_AM_OID)
+				elog(ERROR, "only GiST indexes are supported for temporal foreign keys");
+			if (for_overlaps)
+			{
+				stratname = "overlaps";
+				rtstrategy = RTOverlapStrategyNumber;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				stratname = "equality";
+				rtstrategy = RTEqualStrategyNumber;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * An opclass can use whatever strategy numbers it wants, so we ask
+			 * the opclass what number it actually uses instead of our
+			 * RT* constants.
+			 */
+			eqstrategy = GistTranslateStratnum(opclasses[i], rtstrategy);
+			if (eqstrategy == InvalidStrategy)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+						 errmsg("no %s operator found for foreign key", stratname),
+						 errdetail("Could not translate strategy number %d for opclass %d.",
+							 rtstrategy, opclasses[i]),
+						 errhint("Define a stratnum support function for your GiST opclass.")));
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Check it's a btree; currently this can never fail since no other
+			 * index AMs support unique indexes.  If we ever did have other types
+			 * of unique indexes, we'd need a way to determine which operator
+			 * strategy number is equality.  (Is it reasonable to insist that
+			 * every such index AM use btree's number for equality?)
+			 */
+			if (amid != BTREE_AM_OID)
+				elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
+			eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+		}
 
 		/*
 		 * There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
@@ -10086,16 +10156,21 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 		}
 
 		if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
+		{
+			char *fkattr_name = strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i));
+			char *pkattr_name = strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->pk_attrs, i));
+
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
 					 errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
 							fkconstraint->conname),
 					 errdetail("Key columns \"%s\" and \"%s\" "
 							   "are of incompatible types: %s and %s.",
-							   strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
-							   strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->pk_attrs, i)),
+							   fkattr_name,
+							   pkattr_name,
 							   format_type_be(fktype),
 							   format_type_be(pktype))));
+		}
 
 		if (old_check_ok)
 		{
@@ -10168,6 +10243,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 							new_castfunc == old_castfunc &&
 							(!IsPolymorphicType(pfeqop_right) ||
 							 new_fktype == old_fktype));
+
 		}
 
 		pfeqoperators[i] = pfeqop;
@@ -10175,6 +10251,22 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 		ffeqoperators[i] = ffeqop;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * For FKs with PERIOD we need an operator and aggregate function
+	 * to check whether the referencing row's range is contained
+	 * by the aggregated ranges of the referenced row(s).
+	 * For rangetypes this is fk.periodatt <@ range_agg(pk.periodatt).
+	 * FKs will look these up at "runtime", but we should make sure
+	 * the lookup works here, even if we don't use the values.
+	 */
+	if (with_period)
+	{
+		Oid			periodoperoid;
+		Oid			aggedperiodoperoid;
+
+		FindFKPeriodOpers(opclasses[numpks - 1], &periodoperoid, &aggedperiodoperoid);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Create all the constraint and trigger objects, recursing to partitions
 	 * as necessary.  First handle the referenced side.
@@ -10191,7 +10283,8 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 									 numfkdelsetcols,
 									 fkdelsetcols,
 									 old_check_ok,
-									 InvalidOid, InvalidOid);
+									 InvalidOid, InvalidOid,
+									 with_period);
 
 	/* Now handle the referencing side. */
 	addFkRecurseReferencing(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, pkrel,
@@ -10207,7 +10300,8 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 							fkdelsetcols,
 							old_check_ok,
 							lockmode,
-							InvalidOid, InvalidOid);
+							InvalidOid, InvalidOid,
+							with_period);
 
 	/*
 	 * Done.  Close pk table, but keep lock until we've committed.
@@ -10292,7 +10386,8 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
 					   Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
 					   int numfkdelsetcols, int16 *fkdelsetcols,
 					   bool old_check_ok,
-					   Oid parentDelTrigger, Oid parentUpdTrigger)
+					   Oid parentDelTrigger, Oid parentUpdTrigger,
+					   bool with_period)
 {
 	ObjectAddress address;
 	Oid			constrOid;
@@ -10378,7 +10473,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
 									  conislocal,	/* islocal */
 									  coninhcount,	/* inhcount */
 									  connoinherit, /* conNoInherit */
-									  false,	/* conPeriod */
+									  with_period,	/* conPeriod */
 									  false);	/* is_internal */
 
 	ObjectAddressSet(address, ConstraintRelationId, constrOid);
@@ -10454,7 +10549,8 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
 								   pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
 								   numfkdelsetcols, fkdelsetcols,
 								   old_check_ok,
-								   deleteTriggerOid, updateTriggerOid);
+								   deleteTriggerOid, updateTriggerOid,
+								   with_period);
 
 			/* Done -- clean up (but keep the lock) */
 			table_close(partRel, NoLock);
@@ -10512,7 +10608,8 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
 						Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
 						int numfkdelsetcols, int16 *fkdelsetcols,
 						bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode,
-						Oid parentInsTrigger, Oid parentUpdTrigger)
+						Oid parentInsTrigger, Oid parentUpdTrigger,
+						bool with_period)
 {
 	Oid			insertTriggerOid,
 				updateTriggerOid;
@@ -10560,6 +10657,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
 			newcon->refrelid = RelationGetRelid(pkrel);
 			newcon->refindid = indexOid;
 			newcon->conid = parentConstr;
+			newcon->conwithperiod = fkconstraint->fk_with_period;
 			newcon->qual = (Node *) fkconstraint;
 
 			tab->constraints = lappend(tab->constraints, newcon);
@@ -10677,7 +10775,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
 									  false,
 									  1,
 									  false,
-									  false,	/* conPeriod */
+									  with_period,	/* conPeriod */
 									  false);
 
 			/*
@@ -10708,7 +10806,8 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
 									old_check_ok,
 									lockmode,
 									insertTriggerOid,
-									updateTriggerOid);
+									updateTriggerOid,
+									with_period);
 
 			table_close(partition, NoLock);
 		}
@@ -10944,7 +11043,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
 							   confdelsetcols,
 							   true,
 							   deleteTriggerOid,
-							   updateTriggerOid);
+							   updateTriggerOid,
+							   constrForm->conperiod);
 
 		table_close(fkRel, NoLock);
 		ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
@@ -11037,6 +11137,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
 		ListCell   *lc;
 		Oid			insertTriggerOid,
 					updateTriggerOid;
+		bool		with_period;
 
 		tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(parentConstrOid));
 		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
@@ -11152,6 +11253,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
 			fkconstraint->conname = pstrdup(NameStr(constrForm->conname));
 
 		indexOid = constrForm->conindid;
+		with_period = constrForm->conperiod;
 		constrOid =
 			CreateConstraintEntry(fkconstraint->conname,
 								  constrForm->connamespace,
@@ -11183,7 +11285,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
 								  false,	/* islocal */
 								  1,	/* inhcount */
 								  false,	/* conNoInherit */
-								  false,	/* conPeriod */
+								  with_period,	/* conPeriod */
 								  true);
 
 		/* Set up partition dependencies for the new constraint */
@@ -11217,7 +11319,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
 								false,	/* no old check exists */
 								AccessExclusiveLock,
 								insertTriggerOid,
-								updateTriggerOid);
+								updateTriggerOid,
+								with_period);
 		table_close(pkrel, NoLock);
 	}
 
@@ -12038,7 +12141,7 @@ static int
 transformFkeyGetPrimaryKey(Relation pkrel, Oid *indexOid,
 						   List **attnamelist,
 						   int16 *attnums, Oid *atttypids,
-						   Oid *opclasses)
+						   Oid *opclasses, bool *pk_period)
 {
 	List	   *indexoidlist;
 	ListCell   *indexoidscan;
@@ -12116,6 +12219,8 @@ transformFkeyGetPrimaryKey(Relation pkrel, Oid *indexOid,
 							   makeString(pstrdup(NameStr(*attnumAttName(pkrel, pkattno)))));
 	}
 
+	*pk_period = (indexStruct->indisexclusion);
+
 	ReleaseSysCache(indexTuple);
 
 	return i;
@@ -12136,7 +12241,7 @@ transformFkeyGetPrimaryKey(Relation pkrel, Oid *indexOid,
 static Oid
 transformFkeyCheckAttrs(Relation pkrel,
 						int numattrs, int16 *attnums,
-						Oid *opclasses)
+						bool with_period, Oid *opclasses)
 {
 	Oid			indexoid = InvalidOid;
 	bool		found = false;
@@ -12183,12 +12288,13 @@ transformFkeyCheckAttrs(Relation pkrel,
 		indexStruct = (Form_pg_index) GETSTRUCT(indexTuple);
 
 		/*
-		 * Must have the right number of columns; must be unique and not a
+		 * Must have the right number of columns; must be unique
+		 * (or if temporal then exclusion instead) and not a
 		 * partial index; forget it if there are any expressions, too. Invalid
 		 * indexes are out as well.
 		 */
 		if (indexStruct->indnkeyatts == numattrs &&
-			indexStruct->indisunique &&
+			(with_period ? indexStruct->indisexclusion : indexStruct->indisunique) &&
 			indexStruct->indisvalid &&
 			heap_attisnull(indexTuple, Anum_pg_index_indpred, NULL) &&
 			heap_attisnull(indexTuple, Anum_pg_index_indexprs, NULL))
@@ -12226,6 +12332,13 @@ transformFkeyCheckAttrs(Relation pkrel,
 				if (!found)
 					break;
 			}
+			/* The last attribute in the index must be the PERIOD FK part */
+			if (found && with_period)
+			{
+				int16 periodattnum = attnums[numattrs - 1];
+
+				found = (periodattnum == indexStruct->indkey.values[numattrs - 1]);
+			}
 
 			/*
 			 * Refuse to use a deferrable unique/primary key.  This is per SQL
@@ -12335,7 +12448,8 @@ validateForeignKeyConstraint(char *conname,
 							 Relation rel,
 							 Relation pkrel,
 							 Oid pkindOid,
-							 Oid constraintOid)
+							 Oid constraintOid,
+							 bool temporal)
 {
 	TupleTableSlot *slot;
 	TableScanDesc scan;
@@ -12364,8 +12478,10 @@ validateForeignKeyConstraint(char *conname,
 	/*
 	 * See if we can do it with a single LEFT JOIN query.  A false result
 	 * indicates we must proceed with the fire-the-trigger method.
+	 * We can't do a LEFT JOIN for temporal FKs yet,
+	 * but we can once we support temporal left joins.
 	 */
-	if (RI_Initial_Check(&trig, rel, pkrel))
+	if (!temporal && RI_Initial_Check(&trig, rel, pkrel))
 		return;
 
 	/*
@@ -12516,6 +12632,17 @@ createForeignKeyActionTriggers(Relation rel, Oid refRelOid, Constraint *fkconstr
 	fk_trigger->whenClause = NULL;
 	fk_trigger->transitionRels = NIL;
 	fk_trigger->constrrel = NULL;
+
+	/* Forbid some actions with PERIOD elements for now: */
+	if (fkconstraint->fk_with_period && (
+		fkconstraint->fk_del_action == FKCONSTR_ACTION_CASCADE ||
+		fkconstraint->fk_del_action == FKCONSTR_ACTION_SETNULL ||
+		fkconstraint->fk_del_action == FKCONSTR_ACTION_SETDEFAULT))
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("invalid %s action for foreign key constraint using PERIOD",
+						"ON DELETE")));
+
 	switch (fkconstraint->fk_del_action)
 	{
 		case FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION:
@@ -12576,6 +12703,17 @@ createForeignKeyActionTriggers(Relation rel, Oid refRelOid, Constraint *fkconstr
 	fk_trigger->whenClause = NULL;
 	fk_trigger->transitionRels = NIL;
 	fk_trigger->constrrel = NULL;
+
+	/* Forbid some actions with PERIOD elements for now: */
+	if (fkconstraint->fk_with_period && (
+		fkconstraint->fk_upd_action == FKCONSTR_ACTION_CASCADE ||
+		fkconstraint->fk_upd_action == FKCONSTR_ACTION_SETNULL ||
+		fkconstraint->fk_upd_action == FKCONSTR_ACTION_SETDEFAULT))
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("invalid %s action for foreign key constraint using PERIOD",
+						"ON UPDATE")));
+
 	switch (fkconstraint->fk_upd_action)
 	{
 		case FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION:
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index c6e2f679fd5..7da1b4ac32a 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -523,12 +523,13 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 				 SetResetClause FunctionSetResetClause
 
 %type <node>	TableElement TypedTableElement ConstraintElem TableFuncElement
-%type <node>	columnDef columnOptions
+%type <node>	columnDef columnOptions optionalPeriodName
 %type <defelt>	def_elem reloption_elem old_aggr_elem operator_def_elem
 %type <node>	def_arg columnElem where_clause where_or_current_clause
 				a_expr b_expr c_expr AexprConst indirection_el opt_slice_bound
 				columnref in_expr having_clause func_table xmltable array_expr
 				OptWhereClause operator_def_arg
+%type <list>	opt_column_and_period_list
 %type <list>	rowsfrom_item rowsfrom_list opt_col_def_list
 %type <boolean> opt_ordinality opt_without_overlaps
 %type <list>	ExclusionConstraintList ExclusionConstraintElem
@@ -746,7 +747,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 	OVER OVERLAPS OVERLAY OVERRIDING OWNED OWNER
 
 	PARALLEL PARAMETER PARSER PARTIAL PARTITION PASSING PASSWORD
-	PLACING PLANS POLICY
+	PERIOD PLACING PLANS POLICY
 	POSITION PRECEDING PRECISION PRESERVE PREPARE PREPARED PRIMARY
 	PRIOR PRIVILEGES PROCEDURAL PROCEDURE PROCEDURES PROGRAM PUBLICATION
 
@@ -4228,21 +4229,31 @@ ConstraintElem:
 								   NULL, yyscanner);
 					$$ = (Node *) n;
 				}
-			| FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
-				opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+			| FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList optionalPeriodName ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
+				opt_column_and_period_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
 				{
 					Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
 
 					n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
 					n->location = @1;
-					n->pktable = $7;
+					n->pktable = $8;
 					n->fk_attrs = $4;
-					n->pk_attrs = $8;
-					n->fk_matchtype = $9;
-					n->fk_upd_action = ($10)->updateAction->action;
-					n->fk_del_action = ($10)->deleteAction->action;
-					n->fk_del_set_cols = ($10)->deleteAction->cols;
-					processCASbits($11, @11, "FOREIGN KEY",
+					if ($5)
+					{
+						n->fk_attrs = lappend(n->fk_attrs, $5);
+						n->fk_with_period = true;
+					}
+					n->pk_attrs = linitial($9);
+					if (lsecond($9))
+					{
+						n->pk_attrs = lappend(n->pk_attrs, lsecond($9));
+						n->pk_with_period = true;
+					}
+					n->fk_matchtype = $10;
+					n->fk_upd_action = ($11)->updateAction->action;
+					n->fk_del_action = ($11)->deleteAction->action;
+					n->fk_del_set_cols = ($11)->deleteAction->cols;
+					processCASbits($12, @12, "FOREIGN KEY",
 								   &n->deferrable, &n->initdeferred,
 								   &n->skip_validation, NULL,
 								   yyscanner);
@@ -4270,6 +4281,16 @@ columnList:
 			| columnList ',' columnElem				{ $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
 		;
 
+optionalPeriodName:
+			',' PERIOD columnElem { $$ = $3; }
+			| /*EMPTY*/               { $$ = NULL; }
+	;
+
+opt_column_and_period_list:
+			'(' columnList optionalPeriodName ')'			{ $$ = list_make2($2, $3); }
+			| /*EMPTY*/								{ $$ = list_make2(NIL, NULL); }
+		;
+
 columnElem: ColId
 				{
 					$$ = (Node *) makeString($1);
@@ -17332,6 +17353,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
 			| PARTITION
 			| PASSING
 			| PASSWORD
+			| PERIOD
 			| PLANS
 			| POLICY
 			| PRECEDING
@@ -17933,6 +17955,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
 			| PARTITION
 			| PASSING
 			| PASSWORD
+			| PERIOD
 			| PLACING
 			| PLANS
 			| POLICY
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 2fe93775003..a84b4ee3387 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "access/xact.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "executor/spi.h"
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@
 #include "utils/inval.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
+#include "utils/rangetypes.h"
 #include "utils/rel.h"
 #include "utils/rls.h"
 #include "utils/ruleutils.h"
@@ -115,12 +117,15 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
 	int16		confdelsetcols[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of cols to set on
 												 * delete */
 	char		confmatchtype;	/* foreign key's match type */
+	bool		hasperiod;		/* if the foreign key uses PERIOD */
 	int			nkeys;			/* number of key columns */
 	int16		pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
 	int16		fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
 	Oid			pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
 	Oid			pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
 	Oid			ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
+	Oid			period_contained_by_oper;	/* anyrange <@ anyrange */
+	Oid			agged_period_contained_by_oper;	/* anyrange <@ anymultirange */
 	dlist_node	valid_link;		/* Link in list of valid entries */
 } RI_ConstraintInfo;
 
@@ -362,14 +367,41 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
 		 *		   FOR KEY SHARE OF x
 		 * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
 		 * corresponding FK attributes.
+		 *
+		 * But for temporal FKs we need to make sure
+		 * the FK's range is completely covered.
+		 * So we use this query instead:
+		 *  SELECT 1
+		 *	FROM	(
+		 *		SELECT pkperiodatt AS r
+		 *		FROM   [ONLY] pktable x
+		 *		WHERE  pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+		 *		AND    pkperiodatt && $n
+		 *		FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+		 *	) x1
+		 *  HAVING $n <@ range_agg(x1.r)
+		 * Note if FOR KEY SHARE ever allows GROUP BY and HAVING
+		 * we can make this a bit simpler.
 		 * ----------
 		 */
 		initStringInfo(&querybuf);
 		pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
 			"" : "ONLY ";
 		quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
-		appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
-						 pk_only, pkrelname);
+		if (riinfo->hasperiod)
+		{
+			quoteOneName(attname,
+					RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[riinfo->nkeys - 1]));
+
+			appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+					"SELECT 1 FROM (SELECT %s AS r FROM %s%s x",
+					attname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+							 pk_only, pkrelname);
+		}
 		querysep = "WHERE";
 		for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
 		{
@@ -387,6 +419,19 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
 			queryoids[i] = fk_type;
 		}
 		appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+		if (riinfo->hasperiod)
+		{
+			Oid		fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[riinfo->nkeys - 1]);
+			Oid		agg_rettype = ANYMULTIRANGEOID;
+
+			appendStringInfo(&querybuf, ") x1 HAVING ");
+			sprintf(paramname, "$%d", riinfo->nkeys);
+			ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, "",
+							paramname, fk_type,
+							riinfo->agged_period_contained_by_oper,
+							"pg_catalog.range_agg", agg_rettype);
+			appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "(x1.r)");
+		}
 
 		/* Prepare and save the plan */
 		qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
@@ -494,14 +539,40 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
 		 *		   FOR KEY SHARE OF x
 		 * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
 		 * PK attributes themselves.
+		 * But for temporal FKs we need to make sure
+		 * the FK's range is completely covered.
+		 * So we use this query instead:
+		 *  SELECT 1
+		 *  FROM    (
+		 *	  SELECT pkperiodatt AS r
+		 *	  FROM   [ONLY] pktable x
+		 *	  WHERE  pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+		 *	  AND    pkperiodatt && $n
+		 *	  FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+		 *  ) x1
+		 *  HAVING $n <@ range_agg(x1.r)
+		 * Note if FOR KEY SHARE ever allows GROUP BY and HAVING
+		 * we can make this a bit simpler.
 		 * ----------
 		 */
 		initStringInfo(&querybuf);
 		pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
 			"" : "ONLY ";
 		quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
-		appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
-						 pk_only, pkrelname);
+		if (riinfo->hasperiod)
+		{
+			quoteOneName(attname, RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[riinfo->nkeys - 1]));
+
+			appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+					"SELECT 1 FROM (SELECT %s AS r FROM %s%s x",
+					attname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+					pk_only, pkrelname);
+		}
+
 		querysep = "WHERE";
 		for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
 		{
@@ -518,6 +589,19 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
 			queryoids[i] = pk_type;
 		}
 		appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+		if (riinfo->hasperiod)
+		{
+			Oid		fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[riinfo->nkeys - 1]);
+			Oid		agg_rettype = ANYMULTIRANGEOID;
+
+			appendStringInfo(&querybuf, ") x1 HAVING ");
+			sprintf(paramname, "$%d", riinfo->nkeys);
+			ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, "",
+							paramname, fk_type,
+							riinfo->agged_period_contained_by_oper,
+							"pg_catalog.range_agg", agg_rettype);
+			appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "(x1.r)");
+		}
 
 		/* Prepare and save the plan */
 		qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
@@ -1210,7 +1294,6 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null, int tgkind)
 	}
 }
 
-
 /*
  * RI_FKey_pk_upd_check_required -
  *
@@ -2168,6 +2251,7 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
 	riinfo->confupdtype = conForm->confupdtype;
 	riinfo->confdeltype = conForm->confdeltype;
 	riinfo->confmatchtype = conForm->confmatchtype;
+	riinfo->hasperiod = conForm->conperiod;
 
 	DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tup,
 							   &riinfo->nkeys,
@@ -2179,6 +2263,20 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
 							   &riinfo->ndelsetcols,
 							   riinfo->confdelsetcols);
 
+	/*
+	 * For temporal FKs, get the operators and functions we need.
+	 * We ask the opclass of the PK element for these.
+	 * This all gets cached (as does the generated plan),
+	 * so there's no performance issue.
+	 */
+	if (riinfo->hasperiod)
+	{
+		Oid	opclass = get_index_column_opclass(conForm->conindid, riinfo->nkeys);
+		FindFKPeriodOpers(opclass,
+						  &riinfo->period_contained_by_oper,
+						  &riinfo->agged_period_contained_by_oper);
+	}
+
 	ReleaseSysCache(tup);
 
 	/*
@@ -2790,7 +2888,10 @@ ri_HashPreparedPlan(RI_QueryKey *key, SPIPlanPtr plan)
 /*
  * ri_KeysEqual -
  *
- * Check if all key values in OLD and NEW are equal.
+ * Check if all key values in OLD and NEW are "equivalent":
+ * For normal FKs we check for equality.
+ * For temporal FKs we check that the PK side is a superset of its old value,
+ * or the FK side is a subset of its old value.
  *
  * Note: at some point we might wish to redefine this as checking for
  * "IS NOT DISTINCT" rather than "=", that is, allow two nulls to be
@@ -2846,13 +2947,23 @@ ri_KeysEqual(Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *oldslot, TupleTableSlot *newslot,
 		}
 		else
 		{
+			Oid eq_opr = riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i];
+
+			/*
+			 * When comparing the PERIOD columns we can skip the check
+			 * whenever the referencing column stayed equal or shrank,
+			 * so test with the contained-by operator instead.
+			 */
+			if (riinfo->hasperiod && i == riinfo->nkeys - 1)
+				eq_opr = riinfo->period_contained_by_oper;
+
 			/*
 			 * For the FK table, compare with the appropriate equality
 			 * operator.  Changes that compare equal will still satisfy the
 			 * constraint after the update.
 			 */
-			if (!ri_AttributesEqual(riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i], RIAttType(rel, attnums[i]),
-									oldvalue, newvalue))
+			if (!ri_AttributesEqual(eq_opr, RIAttType(rel, attnums[i]),
+									newvalue, oldvalue))
 				return false;
 		}
 	}
@@ -2860,7 +2971,6 @@ ri_KeysEqual(Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *oldslot, TupleTableSlot *newslot,
 	return true;
 }
 
-
 /*
  * ri_AttributesEqual -
  *
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 2a1ee699701..0ccb1b0d58a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
 								   int prettyFlags, int wrapColumn);
 static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
 static int	decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
-										 StringInfo buf);
+										 bool withPeriod, StringInfo buf);
 static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
 static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
 									const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2245,7 +2245,9 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
 				val = SysCacheGetAttrNotNull(CONSTROID, tup,
 											 Anum_pg_constraint_conkey);
 
-				decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+				/* If it is a temporal foreign key then it uses PERIOD. */
+				decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid,
+											 conForm->conperiod, &buf);
 
 				/* add foreign relation name */
 				appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2256,7 +2258,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
 				val = SysCacheGetAttrNotNull(CONSTROID, tup,
 											 Anum_pg_constraint_confkey);
 
-				decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+				decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid,
+											 conForm->conperiod, &buf);
 
 				appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
 
@@ -2342,7 +2345,7 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
 				if (!isnull)
 				{
 					appendStringInfoString(&buf, " (");
-					decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+					decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, false, &buf);
 					appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
 				}
 
@@ -2377,7 +2380,7 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
 				val = SysCacheGetAttrNotNull(CONSTROID, tup,
 											 Anum_pg_constraint_conkey);
 
-				keyatts = decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+				keyatts = decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, false, &buf);
 				if (conForm->conperiod)
 					appendStringInfoString(&buf, " WITHOUT OVERLAPS");
 
@@ -2575,7 +2578,7 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
  */
 static int
 decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
-							 StringInfo buf)
+							 bool withPeriod, StringInfo buf)
 {
 	Datum	   *keys;
 	int			nKeys;
@@ -2594,7 +2597,9 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
 		if (j == 0)
 			appendStringInfoString(buf, quote_identifier(colName));
 		else
-			appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s", quote_identifier(colName));
+			appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s",
+							 (withPeriod && j == nKeys - 1) ? "PERIOD " : "",
+							 quote_identifier(colName));
 	}
 
 	return nKeys;
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index a33b4f17ea8..c644c7ddbbe 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
 	bool		connoinherit;
 
 	/*
-	 * For primary keys and unique constraints, signifies the last column uses
-	 * overlaps instead of equals.
+	 * For primary keys, unique constraints, and foreign keys,
+	 * signifies the last column uses overlaps instead of equals.
 	 */
 	bool		conperiod;
 
@@ -127,20 +127,20 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
 	int16		confkey[1];
 
 	/*
-	 * If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
-	 * column of the constraint
+	 * If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality/overlap operators for
+	 * each column of the constraint
 	 */
 	Oid			conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
 
 	/*
-	 * If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = PK equality operators for each
-	 * column of the constraint (i.e., equality for the referenced columns)
+	 * If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = PK equality/overlap operators for
+	 * each column of the constraint (i.e., equality for the referenced columns)
 	 */
 	Oid			conppeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
 
 	/*
-	 * If a foreign key, the OIDs of the FK = FK equality operators for each
-	 * column of the constraint (i.e., equality for the referencing columns)
+	 * If a foreign key, the OIDs of the FK = FK equality/overlap operators for
+	 * each column of the constraint (i.e., equality for the referencing columns)
 	 */
 	Oid			conffeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
 
@@ -283,6 +283,9 @@ extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
 									   AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
 									   Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
 									   int *num_fk_del_set_cols, AttrNumber *fk_del_set_cols);
+extern void FindFKPeriodOpers(Oid opclass,
+							  Oid *periodoperoid,
+							  Oid *aggedperiodoperoid);
 
 extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
 									  Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/commands/defrem.h b/src/include/commands/defrem.h
index 0c53d67d3ee..5fd095ea177 100644
--- a/src/include/commands/defrem.h
+++ b/src/include/commands/defrem.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ extern bool CheckIndexCompatible(Oid oldId,
 extern Oid	GetDefaultOpClass(Oid type_id, Oid am_id);
 extern Oid	ResolveOpClass(const List *opclass, Oid attrType,
 						   const char *accessMethodName, Oid accessMethodId);
-extern void GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy(Oid opclass, Oid atttype,
+extern void GetOperatorFromWellKnownStrategy(Oid opclass, Oid rhstype,
 											 Oid *opid, StrategyNumber *strat);
 
 /* commands/functioncmds.c */
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index aadaf67f574..c86c66e04cf 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2613,6 +2613,8 @@ typedef struct Constraint
 	RangeVar   *pktable;		/* Primary key table */
 	List	   *fk_attrs;		/* Attributes of foreign key */
 	List	   *pk_attrs;		/* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+	bool		fk_with_period;	/* Last attribute of FK uses PERIOD */
+	bool		pk_with_period;	/* Last attribute of PK uses PERIOD */
 	char		fk_matchtype;	/* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
 	char		fk_upd_action;	/* ON UPDATE action */
 	char		fk_del_action;	/* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 2331acac091..df5e2887b52 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -326,6 +326,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("partial", PARTIAL, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("partition", PARTITION, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("passing", PASSING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("password", PASSWORD, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("period", PERIOD, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("placing", PLACING, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("plans", PLANS, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("policy", POLICY, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/without_overlaps.out b/src/test/regress/expected/without_overlaps.out
index ea5591a3b38..ea1a2a4c6c9 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/without_overlaps.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/without_overlaps.out
@@ -99,21 +99,6 @@ CREATE TABLE temporal_rng3 (
 ALTER TABLE temporal_rng3 DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_rng3_pk;
 DROP TABLE temporal_rng3;
 DROP TYPE textrange2;
--- PK with a multirange:
-CREATE TABLE temporal_mltrng (
-  id int4range,
-  valid_at tsmultirange,
-  CONSTRAINT temporal_mltrng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
-);
-\d temporal_mltrng
-              Table "public.temporal_mltrng"
-  Column  |     Type     | Collation | Nullable | Default 
-----------+--------------+-----------+----------+---------
- id       | int4range    |           | not null | 
- valid_at | tsmultirange |           | not null | 
-Indexes:
-    "temporal_mltrng_pk" PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
-
 -- UNIQUE with no columns just WITHOUT OVERLAPS:
 CREATE TABLE temporal_rng3 (
 	valid_at daterange,
@@ -276,18 +261,18 @@ DROP TABLE temporal3;
 -- test PK inserts
 --
 -- okay:
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[1,1]', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-02-03'));
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[1,1]', daterange('2018-03-03', '2018-04-04'));
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[2,2]', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[3,3]', daterange('2018-01-01', NULL));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-02-03'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-03-03', '2018-04-04'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[2,3)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-01', NULL));
 -- should fail:
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[1,1]', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
 ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "temporal_rng_pk"
 DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([1,2), [2018-01-01,2018-01-05)) conflicts with existing key (id, valid_at)=([1,2), [2018-01-02,2018-02-03)).
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES (NULL, daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES (NULL, daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
 ERROR:  null value in column "id" of relation "temporal_rng" violates not-null constraint
 DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, [2018-01-01,2018-01-05)).
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[3,3]', NULL);
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[3,4)', NULL);
 ERROR:  null value in column "valid_at" of relation "temporal_rng" violates not-null constraint
 DETAIL:  Failing row contains ([3,4), null).
 --
@@ -303,8 +288,8 @@ CREATE TABLE temporal3 (
 );
 INSERT INTO temporal3 (id, valid_at, id2, name)
   VALUES
-  ('[1,1]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), '[7,7]', 'foo'),
-  ('[2,2]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), '[9,9]', 'bar')
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), '[7,8)', 'foo'),
+  ('[2,3)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), '[9,10)', 'bar')
 ;
 DROP TABLE temporal3;
 --
@@ -331,12 +316,12 @@ CREATE TABLE temporal_partitioned (
   name text,
 	CONSTRAINT temporal_paritioned_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
 ) PARTITION BY LIST (id);
-CREATE TABLE tp1 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[1,1]', '[2,2]');
-CREATE TABLE tp2 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[3,3]', '[4,4]');
-INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned VALUES
-  ('[1,1]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01'), 'one'),
-  ('[1,1]', daterange('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01'), 'one'),
-  ('[3,3]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), 'three');
+CREATE TABLE tp1 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[1,2)', '[2,3)');
+CREATE TABLE tp2 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[3,4)', '[4,5)');
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned (id, valid_at, name) VALUES
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[3,4)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), 'three');
 SELECT * FROM temporal_partitioned ORDER BY id, valid_at;
   id   |        valid_at         | name  
 -------+-------------------------+-------
@@ -366,12 +351,12 @@ CREATE TABLE temporal_partitioned (
   name text,
 	CONSTRAINT temporal_paritioned_uq UNIQUE (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
 ) PARTITION BY LIST (id);
-CREATE TABLE tp1 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[1,1]', '[2,2]');
-CREATE TABLE tp2 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[3,3]', '[4,4]');
-INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned VALUES
-  ('[1,1]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01'), 'one'),
-  ('[1,1]', daterange('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01'), 'one'),
-  ('[3,3]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), 'three');
+CREATE TABLE tp1 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[1,2)', '[2,3)');
+CREATE TABLE tp2 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[3,4)', '[4,5)');
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned (id, valid_at, name) VALUES
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[3,4)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), 'three');
 SELECT * FROM temporal_partitioned ORDER BY id, valid_at;
   id   |        valid_at         | name  
 -------+-------------------------+-------
@@ -394,4 +379,611 @@ SELECT * FROM tp2 ORDER BY id, valid_at;
 (1 row)
 
 DROP TABLE temporal_partitioned;
+--
+-- test FK dependencies
+--
+-- can't drop a range referenced by an FK, unless with CASCADE
+CREATE TABLE temporal3 (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal3_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+);
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal3 (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+ALTER TABLE temporal3 DROP COLUMN valid_at;
+ERROR:  cannot drop column valid_at of table temporal3 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk on table temporal_fk_rng2rng depends on column valid_at of table temporal3
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+ALTER TABLE temporal3 DROP COLUMN valid_at CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to constraint temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk on table temporal_fk_rng2rng
+DROP TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+DROP TABLE temporal3;
+--
+-- test FOREIGN KEY, range references range
+--
+-- test table setup
+DROP TABLE temporal_rng;
+CREATE TABLE temporal_rng (id int4range, valid_at daterange);
+ALTER TABLE temporal_rng
+  ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_rng_pk
+  PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS);
+-- Can't create a FK with a mismatched range type
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at int4range,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk2 PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk2 FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk2" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "valid_at" and "valid_at" are of incompatible types: int4range and daterange.
+-- works: PERIOD for both referenced and referencing
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+DROP TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+-- with mismatched PERIOD columns:
+-- (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at) REFERENCES (id, valid_at)
+-- REFERENCES part should specify PERIOD
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, valid_at)
+);
+ERROR:  foreign key uses PERIOD on the referencing table but not the referenced table
+-- (parent_id, valid_at) REFERENCES (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+-- FOREIGN KEY part should specify PERIOD
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+ERROR:  foreign key uses PERIOD on the referenced table but not the referencing table
+-- (parent_id, valid_at) REFERENCES [implicit]
+-- FOREIGN KEY part should specify PERIOD
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng
+);
+ERROR:  foreign key uses PERIOD on the referenced table but not the referencing table
+-- (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at) REFERENCES (id)
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id)
+);
+ERROR:  foreign key uses PERIOD on the referencing table but not the referenced table
+-- (parent_id) REFERENCES (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+ERROR:  foreign key uses PERIOD on the referenced table but not the referencing table
+-- with inferred PK on the referenced table:
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng
+);
+DROP TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+-- should fail because of duplicate referenced columns:
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD parent_id)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD id)
+);
+ERROR:  foreign key referenced-columns list must not contain duplicates
+-- Two scalar columns
+DROP TABLE temporal_rng2;
+CREATE TABLE temporal_rng2 (
+  id1 int4range,
+  id2 int4range,
+  valid_at daterange,
+  CONSTRAINT temporal_rng2_pk PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+);
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk2_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id1 int4range,
+	parent_id2 int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk2_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk2_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id1, parent_id2, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng2 (id1, id2, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+\d temporal_fk2_rng2rng
+           Table "public.temporal_fk2_rng2rng"
+   Column   |   Type    | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id         | int4range |           | not null | 
+ valid_at   | daterange |           | not null | 
+ parent_id1 | int4range |           |          | 
+ parent_id2 | int4range |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "temporal_fk2_rng2rng_pk" PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "temporal_fk2_rng2rng_fk" FOREIGN KEY (parent_id1, parent_id2, PERIOD valid_at) REFERENCES temporal_rng2(id1, id2, PERIOD valid_at)
+
+DROP TABLE temporal_fk2_rng2rng;
+--
+-- test ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT
+--
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+);
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at);
+-- Two scalar columns:
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk2_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id1 int4range,
+	parent_id2 int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk2_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+);
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk2_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk2_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id1, parent_id2, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng2 (id1, id2, PERIOD valid_at);
+\d temporal_fk2_rng2rng
+           Table "public.temporal_fk2_rng2rng"
+   Column   |   Type    | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id         | int4range |           | not null | 
+ valid_at   | daterange |           | not null | 
+ parent_id1 | int4range |           |          | 
+ parent_id2 | int4range |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "temporal_fk2_rng2rng_pk" PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "temporal_fk2_rng2rng_fk" FOREIGN KEY (parent_id1, parent_id2, PERIOD valid_at) REFERENCES temporal_rng2(id1, id2, PERIOD valid_at)
+
+-- with inferred PK on the referenced table, and wrong column type:
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ALTER COLUMN valid_at TYPE tsrange USING tsrange(lower(valid_at), upper(valid_at));
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "valid_at" and "valid_at" are of incompatible types: tsrange and daterange.
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ALTER COLUMN valid_at TYPE daterange USING daterange(lower(valid_at)::date, upper(valid_at)::date);
+-- with inferred PK on the referenced table:
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+-- should fail because of duplicate referenced columns:
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk2
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD parent_id)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD id);
+ERROR:  foreign key referenced-columns list must not contain duplicates
+--
+-- test with rows already
+--
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng;
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-02-03')),
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-03-03', '2018-04-04')),
+  ('[2,3)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05')),
+  ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-01', NULL));
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-02-01'), '[1,2)');
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[2,3)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-04-01'), '[1,2)');
+-- should fail:
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (parent_id, valid_at)=([1,2), [2018-01-02,2018-04-01)) is not present in table "temporal_rng".
+-- okay again:
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+--
+-- test pg_get_constraintdef
+--
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid) FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk';
+                                 pg_get_constraintdef                                  
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at) REFERENCES temporal_rng(id, PERIOD valid_at)
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test FK referencing inserts
+--
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-02-01'), '[1,2)');
+-- should fail:
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[2,3)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-04-01'), '[1,2)');
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (parent_id, valid_at)=([1,2), [2018-01-02,2018-04-01)) is not present in table "temporal_rng".
+-- now it should work:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-02-03', '2018-03-03'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[2,3)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-04-01'), '[1,2)');
+--
+-- test FK referencing updates
+--
+UPDATE temporal_fk_rng2rng SET valid_at = daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-03-01') WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+-- should fail:
+UPDATE temporal_fk_rng2rng SET valid_at = daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-05-01') WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (parent_id, valid_at)=([1,2), [2018-01-02,2018-05-01)) is not present in table "temporal_rng".
+UPDATE temporal_fk_rng2rng SET parent_id = '[8,9)' WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (parent_id, valid_at)=([8,9), [2018-01-02,2018-03-01)) is not present in table "temporal_rng".
+-- ALTER FK DEFERRABLE
+BEGIN;
+  INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+    ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01')),
+    ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+  INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES
+    ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+  ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+    ALTER CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+    DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+  DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)'; --should not fail yet.
+COMMIT; -- should fail here.
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "temporal_rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk" on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_fk_rng2rng".
+--
+-- test FK referenced updates NO ACTION
+--
+TRUNCATE temporal_rng, temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+-- a PK update that succeeds because the numeric id isn't referenced:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01') WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+-- a PK update that succeeds even though the numeric id is referenced because the range isn't:
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01')),
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-02-01', '2016-03-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- a PK update that fails because both are referenced:
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "temporal_rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk" on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_fk_rng2rng".
+-- changing the scalar part fails:
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET id = '[7,8)'
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "temporal_rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk" on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_fk_rng2rng".
+-- then delete the objecting FK record and the same PK update succeeds:
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng WHERE id = '[3,4)';
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+--
+-- test FK referenced updates RESTRICT
+--
+TRUNCATE temporal_rng, temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng
+	ON UPDATE RESTRICT;
+-- a PK update that succeeds because the numeric id isn't referenced:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01') WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+-- a PK update that succeeds even though the numeric id is referenced because the range isn't:
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01')),
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-02-01', '2016-03-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- a PK update that fails because both are referenced:
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "temporal_rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk" on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_fk_rng2rng".
+-- changing the scalar part fails:
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET id = '[7,8)'
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "temporal_rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk" on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_fk_rng2rng".
+-- then delete the objecting FK record and the same PK update succeeds:
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng WHERE id = '[3,4)';
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+--
+-- test FK referenced deletes NO ACTION
+--
+TRUNCATE temporal_rng, temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+-- a PK delete that succeeds because the numeric id isn't referenced:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+-- a PK delete that succeeds even though the numeric id is referenced because the range isn't:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01')),
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- a PK delete that fails because both are referenced:
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "temporal_rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk" on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_fk_rng2rng".
+-- then delete the objecting FK record and the same PK delete succeeds:
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng WHERE id = '[3,4)';
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+--
+-- test FK referenced deletes RESTRICT
+--
+TRUNCATE temporal_rng, temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng
+	ON DELETE RESTRICT;
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+-- a PK delete that succeeds even though the numeric id is referenced because the range isn't:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01')),
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- a PK delete that fails because both are referenced:
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "temporal_rng" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk" on table "temporal_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_fk_rng2rng".
+-- then delete the objecting FK record and the same PK delete succeeds:
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng WHERE id = '[3,4)';
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+--
+-- test ON UPDATE/DELETE options
+--
+-- test FK referenced updates CASCADE
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[6,7)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[4,5)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'), '[6,7)');
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng
+		ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+ERROR:  invalid ON DELETE action for foreign key constraint using PERIOD
+-- test FK referenced updates SET NULL
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[9,10)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[6,7)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'), '[9,10)');
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng
+		ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL;
+ERROR:  invalid ON DELETE action for foreign key constraint using PERIOD
+-- test FK referenced updates SET DEFAULT
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[-1,-1]', daterange(null, null));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[12,13)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[8,9)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'), '[12,13)');
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+  ALTER COLUMN parent_id SET DEFAULT '[-1,-1]',
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng
+		ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT;
+ERROR:  invalid ON DELETE action for foreign key constraint using PERIOD
+--
+-- FK between partitioned tables
+--
+CREATE TABLE temporal_partitioned_rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+  name text,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_paritioned_rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+) PARTITION BY LIST (id);
+CREATE TABLE tp1 partition OF temporal_partitioned_rng FOR VALUES IN ('[1,2)', '[3,4)', '[5,6)', '[7,8)', '[9,10)', '[11,12)');
+CREATE TABLE tp2 partition OF temporal_partitioned_rng FOR VALUES IN ('[2,3)', '[4,5)', '[6,7)', '[8,9)', '[10,11)', '[12,13)');
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at, name) VALUES
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[2,3)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), 'two');
+CREATE TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_partitioned_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+) PARTITION BY LIST (id);
+CREATE TABLE tfkp1 partition OF temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng FOR VALUES IN ('[1,2)', '[3,4)', '[5,6)', '[7,8)', '[9,10)', '[11,12)');
+CREATE TABLE tfkp2 partition OF temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng FOR VALUES IN ('[2,3)', '[4,5)', '[6,7)', '[8,9)', '[10,11)', '[12,13)');
+--
+-- partitioned FK referencing inserts
+--
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-15'), '[1,2)'),
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2001-01-01', '2002-01-01'), '[2,3)'),
+  ('[2,3)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-15'), '[1,2)');
+-- should fail:
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES
+  ('[3,4)', daterange('2010-01-01', '2010-02-15'), '[1,2)');
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "tfkp1" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (parent_id, valid_at)=([1,2), [2010-01-01,2010-02-15)) is not present in table "temporal_partitioned_rng".
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES
+  ('[3,4)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-15'), '[3,4)');
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "tfkp1" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (parent_id, valid_at)=([3,4), [2000-01-01,2000-02-15)) is not present in table "temporal_partitioned_rng".
+--
+-- partitioned FK referencing updates
+--
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng SET valid_at = daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-13') WHERE id = '[2,3)';
+-- move a row from the first partition to the second
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng SET id = '[4,5)' WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+-- move a row from the second partition to the first
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng SET id = '[1,2)' WHERE id = '[4,5)';
+-- should fail:
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng SET valid_at = daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-04-01') WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "tfkp1_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([1,2), [2000-01-01,2000-04-01)) conflicts with existing key (id, valid_at)=([1,2), [2000-01-01,2000-04-01)).
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced updates NO ACTION
+--
+TRUNCATE temporal_partitioned_rng, temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng;
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01'));
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01') WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-02-01', '2016-03-01')
+  WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- should fail:
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+  WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "tp1" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_parent_id_valid_at_fkey" on table "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng".
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced deletes NO ACTION
+--
+TRUNCATE temporal_partitioned_rng, temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng;
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+DELETE FROM temporal_partitioned_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- should fail:
+DELETE FROM temporal_partitioned_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "tp1" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_parent_id_valid_at_fkey" on table "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng".
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced updates RESTRICT
+--
+TRUNCATE temporal_partitioned_rng, temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_partitioned_rng
+	ON DELETE RESTRICT;
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01'));
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01') WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-02-01', '2016-03-01')
+  WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- should fail:
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+  WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "tp1" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_parent_id_valid_at_fkey" on table "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng".
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced deletes RESTRICT
+--
+TRUNCATE temporal_partitioned_rng, temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng;
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+DELETE FROM temporal_partitioned_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- should fail:
+DELETE FROM temporal_partitioned_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "tp1" violates foreign key constraint "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_parent_id_valid_at_fkey" on table "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng"
+DETAIL:  Key (id, valid_at)=([5,6), [2018-01-01,2018-02-01)) is still referenced from table "temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng".
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced updates CASCADE
+--
+ALTER TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_partitioned_rng
+		ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+ERROR:  invalid ON DELETE action for foreign key constraint using PERIOD
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced deletes CASCADE
+--
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced updates SET NULL
+--
+ALTER TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_partitioned_rng
+		ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL;
+ERROR:  invalid ON DELETE action for foreign key constraint using PERIOD
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced deletes SET NULL
+--
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced updates SET DEFAULT
+--
+ALTER TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng
+  ALTER COLUMN parent_id SET DEFAULT '[-1,-1]',
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_partitioned_rng
+		ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT;
+ERROR:  invalid ON DELETE action for foreign key constraint using PERIOD
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced deletes SET DEFAULT
+--
+DROP TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng;
+DROP TABLE temporal_partitioned_rng;
 RESET datestyle;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/without_overlaps.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/without_overlaps.sql
index bb8b85aa25f..b622629f885 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/without_overlaps.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/without_overlaps.sql
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ CREATE TABLE temporal_rng2 (
 SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid) FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'temporal_rng2_pk';
 SELECT pg_get_indexdef(conindid, 0, true) FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'temporal_rng2_pk';
 
-
 -- PK with a custom range type:
 CREATE TYPE textrange2 AS range (subtype=text, collation="C");
 CREATE TABLE temporal_rng3 (
@@ -70,14 +69,6 @@ ALTER TABLE temporal_rng3 DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_rng3_pk;
 DROP TABLE temporal_rng3;
 DROP TYPE textrange2;
 
--- PK with a multirange:
-CREATE TABLE temporal_mltrng (
-  id int4range,
-  valid_at tsmultirange,
-  CONSTRAINT temporal_mltrng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
-);
-\d temporal_mltrng
-
 -- UNIQUE with no columns just WITHOUT OVERLAPS:
 
 CREATE TABLE temporal_rng3 (
@@ -206,15 +197,15 @@ DROP TABLE temporal3;
 --
 
 -- okay:
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[1,1]', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-02-03'));
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[1,1]', daterange('2018-03-03', '2018-04-04'));
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[2,2]', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[3,3]', daterange('2018-01-01', NULL));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-02-03'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-03-03', '2018-04-04'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[2,3)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-01', NULL));
 
 -- should fail:
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[1,1]', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES (NULL, daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
-INSERT INTO temporal_rng VALUES ('[3,3]', NULL);
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES (NULL, daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[3,4)', NULL);
 
 --
 -- test a range with both a PK and a UNIQUE constraint
@@ -230,8 +221,8 @@ CREATE TABLE temporal3 (
 );
 INSERT INTO temporal3 (id, valid_at, id2, name)
   VALUES
-  ('[1,1]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), '[7,7]', 'foo'),
-  ('[2,2]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), '[9,9]', 'bar')
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), '[7,8)', 'foo'),
+  ('[2,3)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), '[9,10)', 'bar')
 ;
 DROP TABLE temporal3;
 
@@ -262,12 +253,12 @@ CREATE TABLE temporal_partitioned (
   name text,
 	CONSTRAINT temporal_paritioned_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
 ) PARTITION BY LIST (id);
-CREATE TABLE tp1 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[1,1]', '[2,2]');
-CREATE TABLE tp2 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[3,3]', '[4,4]');
-INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned VALUES
-  ('[1,1]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01'), 'one'),
-  ('[1,1]', daterange('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01'), 'one'),
-  ('[3,3]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), 'three');
+CREATE TABLE tp1 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[1,2)', '[2,3)');
+CREATE TABLE tp2 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[3,4)', '[4,5)');
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned (id, valid_at, name) VALUES
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[3,4)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), 'three');
 SELECT * FROM temporal_partitioned ORDER BY id, valid_at;
 SELECT * FROM tp1 ORDER BY id, valid_at;
 SELECT * FROM tp2 ORDER BY id, valid_at;
@@ -280,15 +271,602 @@ CREATE TABLE temporal_partitioned (
   name text,
 	CONSTRAINT temporal_paritioned_uq UNIQUE (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
 ) PARTITION BY LIST (id);
-CREATE TABLE tp1 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[1,1]', '[2,2]');
-CREATE TABLE tp2 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[3,3]', '[4,4]');
-INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned VALUES
-  ('[1,1]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01'), 'one'),
-  ('[1,1]', daterange('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01'), 'one'),
-  ('[3,3]', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), 'three');
+CREATE TABLE tp1 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[1,2)', '[2,3)');
+CREATE TABLE tp2 PARTITION OF temporal_partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('[3,4)', '[4,5)');
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned (id, valid_at, name) VALUES
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[3,4)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), 'three');
 SELECT * FROM temporal_partitioned ORDER BY id, valid_at;
 SELECT * FROM tp1 ORDER BY id, valid_at;
 SELECT * FROM tp2 ORDER BY id, valid_at;
 DROP TABLE temporal_partitioned;
 
+--
+-- test FK dependencies
+--
+
+-- can't drop a range referenced by an FK, unless with CASCADE
+CREATE TABLE temporal3 (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal3_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+);
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal3 (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+ALTER TABLE temporal3 DROP COLUMN valid_at;
+ALTER TABLE temporal3 DROP COLUMN valid_at CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+DROP TABLE temporal3;
+
+--
+-- test FOREIGN KEY, range references range
+--
+
+-- test table setup
+DROP TABLE temporal_rng;
+CREATE TABLE temporal_rng (id int4range, valid_at daterange);
+ALTER TABLE temporal_rng
+  ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_rng_pk
+  PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS);
+
+-- Can't create a FK with a mismatched range type
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at int4range,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk2 PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk2 FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+
+-- works: PERIOD for both referenced and referencing
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+DROP TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+
+-- with mismatched PERIOD columns:
+
+-- (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at) REFERENCES (id, valid_at)
+-- REFERENCES part should specify PERIOD
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, valid_at)
+);
+-- (parent_id, valid_at) REFERENCES (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+-- FOREIGN KEY part should specify PERIOD
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+-- (parent_id, valid_at) REFERENCES [implicit]
+-- FOREIGN KEY part should specify PERIOD
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng
+);
+-- (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at) REFERENCES (id)
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id)
+);
+-- (parent_id) REFERENCES (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+
+-- with inferred PK on the referenced table:
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng
+);
+DROP TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+
+-- should fail because of duplicate referenced columns:
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD parent_id)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD id)
+);
+
+-- Two scalar columns
+DROP TABLE temporal_rng2;
+CREATE TABLE temporal_rng2 (
+  id1 int4range,
+  id2 int4range,
+  valid_at daterange,
+  CONSTRAINT temporal_rng2_pk PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk2_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id1 int4range,
+	parent_id2 int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk2_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk2_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id1, parent_id2, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng2 (id1, id2, PERIOD valid_at)
+);
+\d temporal_fk2_rng2rng
+DROP TABLE temporal_fk2_rng2rng;
+
+--
+-- test ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+);
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at);
+-- Two scalar columns:
+CREATE TABLE temporal_fk2_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id1 int4range,
+	parent_id2 int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_fk2_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+);
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk2_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk2_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id1, parent_id2, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng2 (id1, id2, PERIOD valid_at);
+\d temporal_fk2_rng2rng
+
+-- with inferred PK on the referenced table, and wrong column type:
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ALTER COLUMN valid_at TYPE tsrange USING tsrange(lower(valid_at), upper(valid_at));
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ALTER COLUMN valid_at TYPE daterange USING daterange(lower(valid_at)::date, upper(valid_at)::date);
+
+-- with inferred PK on the referenced table:
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+
+-- should fail because of duplicate referenced columns:
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk2
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD parent_id)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng (id, PERIOD id);
+
+--
+-- test with rows already
+--
+
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng;
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-02-03')),
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-03-03', '2018-04-04')),
+  ('[2,3)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-01-05')),
+  ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-01', NULL));
+
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-02-01'), '[1,2)');
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[2,3)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-04-01'), '[1,2)');
+-- should fail:
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+-- okay again:
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+
+--
+-- test pg_get_constraintdef
+--
+
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid) FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk';
+
+--
+-- test FK referencing inserts
+--
+
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-02-01'), '[1,2)');
+-- should fail:
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[2,3)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-04-01'), '[1,2)');
+-- now it should work:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[1,2)', daterange('2018-02-03', '2018-03-03'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[2,3)', daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-04-01'), '[1,2)');
+
+--
+-- test FK referencing updates
+--
+
+UPDATE temporal_fk_rng2rng SET valid_at = daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-03-01') WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+-- should fail:
+UPDATE temporal_fk_rng2rng SET valid_at = daterange('2018-01-02', '2018-05-01') WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+UPDATE temporal_fk_rng2rng SET parent_id = '[8,9)' WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+-- ALTER FK DEFERRABLE
+
+BEGIN;
+  INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+    ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01')),
+    ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+  INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES
+    ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+  ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+    ALTER CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+    DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+
+  DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)'; --should not fail yet.
+COMMIT; -- should fail here.
+
+--
+-- test FK referenced updates NO ACTION
+--
+
+TRUNCATE temporal_rng, temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+-- a PK update that succeeds because the numeric id isn't referenced:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01') WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+-- a PK update that succeeds even though the numeric id is referenced because the range isn't:
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01')),
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-02-01', '2016-03-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- a PK update that fails because both are referenced:
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+-- changing the scalar part fails:
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET id = '[7,8)'
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+-- then delete the objecting FK record and the same PK update succeeds:
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng WHERE id = '[3,4)';
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+
+--
+-- test FK referenced updates RESTRICT
+--
+
+TRUNCATE temporal_rng, temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng
+	ON UPDATE RESTRICT;
+-- a PK update that succeeds because the numeric id isn't referenced:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01') WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+-- a PK update that succeeds even though the numeric id is referenced because the range isn't:
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01')),
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-02-01', '2016-03-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- a PK update that fails because both are referenced:
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+-- changing the scalar part fails:
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET id = '[7,8)'
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+-- then delete the objecting FK record and the same PK update succeeds:
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng WHERE id = '[3,4)';
+UPDATE temporal_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+
+--
+-- test FK referenced deletes NO ACTION
+--
+
+TRUNCATE temporal_rng, temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng;
+-- a PK delete that succeeds because the numeric id isn't referenced:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+-- a PK delete that succeeds even though the numeric id is referenced because the range isn't:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01')),
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- a PK delete that fails because both are referenced:
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+-- then delete the objecting FK record and the same PK delete succeeds:
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng WHERE id = '[3,4)';
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+
+--
+-- test FK referenced deletes RESTRICT
+--
+
+TRUNCATE temporal_rng, temporal_fk_rng2rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_rng
+	ON DELETE RESTRICT;
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+-- a PK delete that succeeds even though the numeric id is referenced because the range isn't:
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01')),
+  ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- a PK delete that fails because both are referenced:
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+-- then delete the objecting FK record and the same PK delete succeeds:
+DELETE FROM temporal_fk_rng2rng WHERE id = '[3,4)';
+DELETE FROM temporal_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+
+--
+-- test ON UPDATE/DELETE options
+--
+
+-- test FK referenced updates CASCADE
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[6,7)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[4,5)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'), '[6,7)');
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng
+		ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+
+-- test FK referenced updates SET NULL
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[9,10)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[6,7)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'), '[9,10)');
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng
+		ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL;
+
+-- test FK referenced updates SET DEFAULT
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[-1,-1]', daterange(null, null));
+INSERT INTO temporal_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[12,13)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[8,9)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2021-01-01'), '[12,13)');
+ALTER TABLE temporal_fk_rng2rng
+  ALTER COLUMN parent_id SET DEFAULT '[-1,-1]',
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_rng
+		ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT;
+
+--
+-- FK between partitioned tables
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE temporal_partitioned_rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+  name text,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_paritioned_rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS)
+) PARTITION BY LIST (id);
+CREATE TABLE tp1 partition OF temporal_partitioned_rng FOR VALUES IN ('[1,2)', '[3,4)', '[5,6)', '[7,8)', '[9,10)', '[11,12)');
+CREATE TABLE tp2 partition OF temporal_partitioned_rng FOR VALUES IN ('[2,3)', '[4,5)', '[6,7)', '[8,9)', '[10,11)', '[12,13)');
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at, name) VALUES
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01'), 'one'),
+  ('[2,3)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2010-01-01'), 'two');
+
+CREATE TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (
+	id int4range,
+	valid_at daterange,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS),
+	CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_partitioned_rng (id, PERIOD valid_at)
+) PARTITION BY LIST (id);
+CREATE TABLE tfkp1 partition OF temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng FOR VALUES IN ('[1,2)', '[3,4)', '[5,6)', '[7,8)', '[9,10)', '[11,12)');
+CREATE TABLE tfkp2 partition OF temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng FOR VALUES IN ('[2,3)', '[4,5)', '[6,7)', '[8,9)', '[10,11)', '[12,13)');
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referencing inserts
+--
+
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-15'), '[1,2)'),
+  ('[1,2)', daterange('2001-01-01', '2002-01-01'), '[2,3)'),
+  ('[2,3)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-15'), '[1,2)');
+-- should fail:
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES
+  ('[3,4)', daterange('2010-01-01', '2010-02-15'), '[1,2)');
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES
+  ('[3,4)', daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-15'), '[3,4)');
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referencing updates
+--
+
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng SET valid_at = daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-02-13') WHERE id = '[2,3)';
+-- move a row from the first partition to the second
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng SET id = '[4,5)' WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+-- move a row from the second partition to the first
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng SET id = '[1,2)' WHERE id = '[4,5)';
+-- should fail:
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng SET valid_at = daterange('2000-01-01', '2000-04-01') WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced updates NO ACTION
+--
+
+TRUNCATE temporal_partitioned_rng, temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng;
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01'));
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01') WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-02-01', '2016-03-01')
+  WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- should fail:
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+  WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced deletes NO ACTION
+--
+
+TRUNCATE temporal_partitioned_rng, temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng;
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+DELETE FROM temporal_partitioned_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- should fail:
+DELETE FROM temporal_partitioned_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced updates RESTRICT
+--
+
+TRUNCATE temporal_partitioned_rng, temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk;
+ALTER TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+	REFERENCES temporal_partitioned_rng
+	ON DELETE RESTRICT;
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01'));
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01') WHERE id = '[5,6)';
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-02-01', '2016-03-01')
+  WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- should fail:
+UPDATE temporal_partitioned_rng SET valid_at = daterange('2016-01-01', '2016-02-01')
+  WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced deletes RESTRICT
+--
+
+TRUNCATE temporal_partitioned_rng, temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng;
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_rng (id, valid_at) VALUES ('[5,6)', daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01'));
+INSERT INTO temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng (id, valid_at, parent_id) VALUES ('[3,4)', daterange('2018-01-05', '2018-01-10'), '[5,6)');
+DELETE FROM temporal_partitioned_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-02-01', '2018-03-01');
+-- should fail:
+DELETE FROM temporal_partitioned_rng WHERE id = '[5,6)' AND valid_at = daterange('2018-01-01', '2018-02-01');
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced updates CASCADE
+--
+
+ALTER TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_partitioned_rng
+		ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced deletes CASCADE
+--
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced updates SET NULL
+--
+
+ALTER TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_partitioned_rng
+		ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL;
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced deletes SET NULL
+--
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced updates SET DEFAULT
+--
+
+ALTER TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng
+  ALTER COLUMN parent_id SET DEFAULT '[-1,-1]',
+	DROP CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng_fk
+		FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at)
+		REFERENCES temporal_partitioned_rng
+		ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT;
+
+--
+-- partitioned FK referenced deletes SET DEFAULT
+--
+
+DROP TABLE temporal_partitioned_fk_rng2rng;
+DROP TABLE temporal_partitioned_rng;
+
 RESET datestyle;
-- 
2.42.0

