You'd have to provide some evidence that that commit actually had something to do with a user-visible problem. It certainly wouldn't, by itself, have completely fixed any problem: at best it'd have transformed it from a crash into an elog(ERROR). More to the point, that commit was intended to silence a probably-hypothetical-anyway warning about the prior commit, so it wasn't fixing any issue that ever saw the light of day in a PG release.
And indeed I have not seen such error messages so I suspect you are right there.
So my bet is that your problem was fixed by some other commit between 10.3 and 10.6. Maybe the predecessor one, b767b3f2e; but hard to say without more investigation than seems warranted, if the bug's gone.
regards, tom lane
I am willing to put in more time debugging this because we want to know which clusters are actually susceptible to the bug. Any suggestions to proceed are welcome.