I would like to propose a patch that speeds up the queries of the form 'select count(*) ... where ...', where the restriction clauses can be satisfied by some indexes. At the moment, such queries use index-only scans followed by aggregation. Index-only scans are only possible for indexes that are capable of returning indexed tuples, that is, support the 'amgettuple' access method. They are not applicable to indexes such as GIN and RUM. However, it is possible to improve count(*) performance for indexes that support bitmap scans. Having performed a bitmap index scan or a combination of such, the bits in bitmap can be counted to obtain the final result. Of course, the bitmap pages that are lossy or not visible to all existing transactions will still require heap access.
That's a cool feature for FTS users! Please, register this patch to the next commitfest.
This patch has some important limitations: * It only supports targetlist consisting of a single expression that can be projected from count(*). * count(expr) is not supported. We could support it for cases where the "expr is not null" restriction can be satisfied with an index. * The current implementation does not support parallel execution. It could be implemented during the PostgreSQL 11 release cycle. * For some indexes, the bitmap index scan will always require rechecking all the tuples. Bitmap count plans should not be used in such cases. For now, this check is not implemented.
Does this limitation cause a performance drawback? When bitmap index scan returns all rechecks, alternative to Bitmap Count is still Aggregate + Bitmap Heap Scan. Thus, I think Bitmap Count would have the same performance or even slightly faster. That's worth testing.
Also, what is planning overhead of this patch? That's worth testing too.
