Thread: BUG #16827: macOS interrupted syscall leads to a crash

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference:      16827
Logged by:          Ricardo Ungureanu
Email address:      ricardoungureanu@gmail.com
PostgreSQL version: 13.1
Operating system:   macOS 11.0
Description:

Hello,

I am using macOS 11.0 and trying to import a large dump into postgresql.
Under some circumstances, it crashes while importing. 
I inspected the logs and found out a system call is interrupted (" LOG:
could not open file "pg_wal": Interrupted system call"). Apple has added a
new feature in macOS 11.0 to audit security events. I noticed that the
kernel, while waiting on a condition variable, if it receives an interrupt,
will just pass EINTR (error code 4) back to the usermode program. Your
function XLogFileInit does not treat such cases (just ENOENT is checked) and
decides to exit with an abort(). I have attached below the crash file
generated. 

Please let me know if you need more details about this. The bug can be
easily replicated, but a fairly complicated setup has to be done beforehand
(large db dump, macOS 11.0, endpoint security events enabled).

Thanks,
Ricardo



```
Process:               postgres [52997]
Path:                  /Users/USER/*/postgres
Identifier:            postgres
Version:               ???
Code Type:             X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:        postgres [82]
Responsible:           postgres [82]
User ID:               502

Date/Time:             2021-01-15 14:38:46.907 +0200
OS Version:            macOS 11.1 (20C69)
Report Version:        12
Anonymous UUID:        F608F4B3-1CFC-403F-896B-1127865BDCB5

Sleep/Wake UUID:       385F6270-DB7E-4813-B828-8E66FAEC4B7E

Time Awake Since Boot: 5900 seconds

System Integrity Protection: disabled

Crashed Thread:        0  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread

Exception Type:        EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)
Exception Codes:       0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000
Exception Note:        EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY

Application Specific Information:
crashed on child side of fork pre-exec

Thread 0 Crashed:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib            0x00007fff2030c462 __pthread_kill + 10
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib           0x00007fff2033a610 pthread_kill + 263
2   libsystem_c.dylib                 0x00007fff2028d720 abort + 120
3   postmaster                        0x000000010bd63987 errfinish.cold.2 +
39
4   postmaster                        0x000000010bc816b9 errfinish + 809
(elog.c:590)
5   postmaster                        0x000000010bce1981 XLogFileInit.cold.7 +
65
6   postmaster                        0x000000010b9100d1 XLogFileInit + 1073
(xlog.c:3275)
7   postmaster                        0x000000010b90f048 XLogWrite + 328
(xlog.c:2487)
8   postmaster                        0x000000010b90f6f1 XLogBackgroundFlush +
513 (xlog.c:3137)
9   postmaster                        0x000000010baf5438 WalWriterMain + 584
(walwriter.c:241)
10  postmaster                        0x000000010b924a7e AuxiliaryProcessMain +
1022 (bootstrap.c:459)
11  postmaster                        0x000000010baf0410 StartChildProcess +
560 (postmaster.c:5512)
12  postmaster                        0x000000010baefce6 reaper + 1510
(postmaster.c:3043)
13  libsystem_platform.dylib          0x00007fff2037ed7d _sigtramp + 29
14  libcrypto.1.1.dylib               0x000000010c41f641
evp_EncryptDecryptUpdate + 497
15  postmaster                        0x000000010baee52d PostmasterMain + 3725
(postmaster.c:1412)
16  postmaster                        0x000000010ba593a0 main + 784
(main.c:210)
17  libdyld.dylib                     0x00007fff20355621 start + 1

Thread 0 crashed with X86 Thread State (64-bit):
  rax: 0x0000000000000000  rbx: 0x000000010df2be00  rcx: 0x00007ffee436dc48
rdx: 0x0000000000000000
  rdi: 0x0000000000000303  rsi: 0x0000000000000006  rbp: 0x00007ffee436dc70
rsp: 0x00007ffee436dc48
   r8: 0x00000000000130a8   r9: 0x00007fff8899a0e8  r10: 0x000000010df2be00
r11: 0x0000000000000246
  r12: 0x0000000000000303  r13: 0x0000000000000000  r14: 0x0000000000000006
r15: 0x0000000000000016
  rip: 0x00007fff2030c462  rfl: 0x0000000000000246  cr2:
0x000000010bd63960
  
Logical CPU:     0
Error Code:      0x02000148
Trap Number:     133

Thread 0 instruction stream not available.

Thread 0 last branch register state not available.


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<90D679B3-DFFD-3604-B89F-1BCF70B3EBA4>
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External Modification Summary:
  Calls made by other processes targeting this process:
    task_for_pid: 2
    thread_create: 0
    thread_set_state: 0
  Calls made by this process:
    task_for_pid: 0
    thread_create: 0
    thread_set_state: 0
  Calls made by all processes on this machine:
    task_for_pid: 3225
    thread_create: 0
    thread_set_state: 0

VM Region Summary:
ReadOnly portion of Libraries: Total=618.6M resident=0K(0%)
swapped_out_or_unallocated=618.6M(100%)
Writable regions: Total=204.9M written=0K(0%) resident=0K(0%)
swapped_out=0K(0%) unallocated=204.9M(100%)
 
                                VIRTUAL   REGION 
REGION TYPE                        SIZE    COUNT (non-coalesced) 
===========                     =======  ======= 
Kernel Alloc Once                    8K        1 
MALLOC                            54.2M       19 
MALLOC guard page                   16K        4 
STACK GUARD                       56.0M        1 
Stack                             8192K        1 
VM_ALLOCATE                      142.2M        5 
__DATA                            3517K      164 
__DATA_CONST                      6360K       97 
__DATA_DIRTY                       291K       60 
__LINKEDIT                       492.9M       10 
__OBJC_RO                         60.5M        1 
__OBJC_RW                         2452K        2 
__TEXT                           125.7M      163 
__UNICODE                          588K        1 
shared memory                        8K        2 
===========                     =======  ======= 
TOTAL                            952.6M      531 
```

Hi,

On 2021-01-15 14:00:03 +0000, PG Bug reporting form wrote:
> I am using macOS 11.0 and trying to import a large dump into postgresql.
> Under some circumstances, it crashes while importing. 
> I inspected the logs and found out a system call is interrupted (" LOG: 
> could not open file "pg_wal": Interrupted system call"). Apple has added a
> new feature in macOS 11.0 to audit security events. I noticed that the
> kernel, while waiting on a condition variable, if it receives an interrupt,
> will just pass EINTR (error code 4) back to the usermode program. Your
> function XLogFileInit does not treat such cases (just ENOENT is checked) and
> decides to exit with an abort(). I have attached below the crash file
> generated.

Hm. It's fairly nasty to return EINTR from open() (except if open()ing a
FIFO or such) - it should normally only happen when blocked. But I'm not
sure it's *actually* violating any standards / promises made.


> Apple has added a new feature in macOS 11.0 to audit security
> events. I noticed that the kernel, while waiting on a condition
> variable, if it receives an interrupt, will just pass EINTR (error
> code 4) back to the usermode program.

Does that also happen for close()? Because that can't reasonably be
handled by userspace (userspace cannot retry because the fd could now
point to something else in a threaded environment).

Greetings,

Andres Freund

Let me give you more context. I am resending this because I forgot to
add the mailing list.
În vin., 15 ian. 2021 la 23:05, Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> a scris:
>
> Hi,
>
> On 2021-01-15 14:00:03 +0000, PG Bug reporting form wrote:
> > I am using macOS 11.0 and trying to import a large dump into postgresql.
> > Under some circumstances, it crashes while importing.
> > I inspected the logs and found out a system call is interrupted (" LOG:
> > could not open file "pg_wal": Interrupted system call"). Apple has added a
> > new feature in macOS 11.0 to audit security events. I noticed that the
> > kernel, while waiting on a condition variable, if it receives an interrupt,
> > will just pass EINTR (error code 4) back to the usermode program. Your
> > function XLogFileInit does not treat such cases (just ENOENT is checked) and
> > decides to exit with an abort(). I have attached below the crash file
> > generated.
>
> Hm. It's fairly nasty to return EINTR from open() (except if open()ing a
> FIFO or such) - it should normally only happen when blocked. But I'm not
> sure it's *actually* violating any standards / promises made.

There are two kinds of security events which Apple supports: AUTH and
NOTIFY. AUTH means that the system call is blocked (on that condition
variable I mentioned about), and the user mode daemon is asked about
the generated event: "postgres, pid 999, open() on file /path/file
with flags 0x400003" - something like that. The usermode can either
allow or deny the event by replying. If it decides to block this
system call, the return code seen by the target process (in this case,
postgres) is -1 (operation not permitted) .
On the other hand, NOTIFY events will only log the event, without
requesting a verdict (allow or deny).
In my scenario, usermode daemon responsible for auditing these events
is set to ALLOW everything. If I denied the system call I would see in
postgres log "operation not permitted (err 1)" insead of 'Interrupted
system call (err 4)").
To sum up, the open() is blocked, waiting for a verdict from the
usermode, meanwhile an interrupt is triggered, msleep on the condition
variable returns EINTR and this is passed back to postgres as the
return code of open().

> > Apple has added a new feature in macOS 11.0 to audit security
> > events. I noticed that the kernel, while waiting on a condition
> > variable, if it receives an interrupt, will just pass EINTR (error
> > code 4) back to the usermode program.
>
> Does that also happen for close()? Because that can't reasonably be
> handled by userspace (userspace cannot retry because the fd could now
> point to something else in a threaded environment).

Good point, however the close event is not supported as AUTH, only as
NOTIFY. Thus, this cannot happen on close().
Open() and other file system calls are both AUTH and NOTIFY (you can
choose which one to enable).
You can read more about this here[1]

> Greetings,
>
> Andres Freund

Regards,
Ricardo Ungureanu

[1] https://developer.apple.com/documentation/endpointsecurity/es_event_type_t

Hi,

Tom, all, this seems like a serious problem likely to become more
widespread. I don't really know how we can reasonably address this
short-term, adding EINTR handling to all the places that don't yet have
it (and ensuring that it stays that way) seems like it's a lot to backport.

There's just been another report of this at
https://postgr.es/m/16832-943d33fd58eb26e4%40postgresql.org

On 2021-01-16 19:30:52 +0200, Ricardo Ungureanu wrote:
> În vin., 15 ian. 2021 la 23:05, Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> a scris:
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > On 2021-01-15 14:00:03 +0000, PG Bug reporting form wrote:
> > > I am using macOS 11.0 and trying to import a large dump into postgresql.
> > > Under some circumstances, it crashes while importing.
> > > I inspected the logs and found out a system call is interrupted (" LOG:
> > > could not open file "pg_wal": Interrupted system call"). Apple has added a
> > > new feature in macOS 11.0 to audit security events. I noticed that the
> > > kernel, while waiting on a condition variable, if it receives an interrupt,
> > > will just pass EINTR (error code 4) back to the usermode program. Your
> > > function XLogFileInit does not treat such cases (just ENOENT is checked) and
> > > decides to exit with an abort(). I have attached below the crash file
> > > generated.
> >
> > Hm. It's fairly nasty to return EINTR from open() (except if open()ing a
> > FIFO or such) - it should normally only happen when blocked. But I'm not
> > sure it's *actually* violating any standards / promises made.
> 
> There are two kinds of security events which Apple supports: AUTH and
> NOTIFY. AUTH means that the system call is blocked (on that condition
> variable I mentioned about), and the user mode daemon is asked about
> the generated event: "postgres, pid 999, open() on file /path/file
> with flags 0x400003" - something like that. The usermode can either
> allow or deny the event by replying. If it decides to block this
> system call, the return code seen by the target process (in this case,
> postgres) is -1 (operation not permitted) .
> On the other hand, NOTIFY events will only log the event, without
> requesting a verdict (allow or deny).
> In my scenario, usermode daemon responsible for auditing these events
> is set to ALLOW everything. If I denied the system call I would see in
> postgres log "operation not permitted (err 1)" insead of 'Interrupted
> system call (err 4)").

Does this happens in the default configuration of OSX now? Or is this
something you have manually set up? If manual, why?

Isn't forcing a back-forth context switch for a syscall as common as
open(2) to that auth demon *terrible* for performance?


> To sum up, the open() is blocked, waiting for a verdict from the
> usermode, meanwhile an interrupt is triggered, msleep on the condition
> variable returns EINTR and this is passed back to postgres as the
> return code of open().

> [1] https://developer.apple.com/documentation/endpointsecurity/es_event_type_t

I don't understand how Apple is expecting this to not cause breakage
left and right? Just about no software has EINTR handling for every
syscall (as SA_RESTART is enough), so this seems like it'll lead to a
long tail of bugs.


> > > Apple has added a new feature in macOS 11.0 to audit security
> > > events. I noticed that the kernel, while waiting on a condition
> > > variable, if it receives an interrupt, will just pass EINTR (error
> > > code 4) back to the usermode program.
> >
> > Does that also happen for close()? Because that can't reasonably be
> > handled by userspace (userspace cannot retry because the fd could now
> > point to something else in a threaded environment).
> 
> Good point, however the close event is not supported as AUTH, only as
> NOTIFY. Thus, this cannot happen on close().
> Open() and other file system calls are both AUTH and NOTIFY (you can
> choose which one to enable).
> You can read more about this here[1]

Well, that's at least something.

Greetings,

Andres Freund

Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> writes:
> Tom, all, this seems like a serious problem likely to become more
> widespread. I don't really know how we can reasonably address this
> short-term, adding EINTR handling to all the places that don't yet have
> it (and ensuring that it stays that way) seems like it's a lot to backport.

The only idea that comes to mind is to invent a wrapper for open
(and other affected syscalls) that adds a loop-on-EINTR.  Ugly,
and it would not fix third-party extensions until they're recompiled.

My inclination is to regard this as something that's Apple's problem,
at least for now.  Perhaps they'll realize what a disaster it is.
(OTOH, they've proven pretty mulish on making SIP usable...)

            regards, tom lane

On Sat, Jan 16, 2021 at 3:17 AM PG Bug reporting form
<noreply@postgresql.org> wrote:
> I am using macOS 11.0 and trying to import a large dump into postgresql.
> Under some circumstances, it crashes while importing.
> I inspected the logs and found out a system call is interrupted (" LOG:
> could not open file "pg_wal": Interrupted system call"). Apple has added a
> new feature in macOS 11.0 to audit security events. I noticed that the
> kernel, while waiting on a condition variable, if it receives an interrupt,
> will just pass EINTR (error code 4) back to the usermode program. Your
> function XLogFileInit does not treat such cases (just ENOENT is checked) and
> decides to exit with an abort(). I have attached below the crash file
> generated.
>
> Please let me know if you need more details about this. The bug can be
> easily replicated, but a fairly complicated setup has to be done beforehand
> (large db dump, macOS 11.0, endpoint security events enabled).

I wonder if this also explains why pg_test_fsync's final measurement
"non-sync", which does open(), write(), close() in a loop, only
manages around 50k loops per second on an M1 Air, but around a million
on contemporary laptops running Linux and FreeBSD, though I don't have
a Catalina system to compare with.

On Sat, Jan 23, 2021 at 6:47 AM Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> wrote:
> Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> writes:
> > Tom, all, this seems like a serious problem likely to become more
> > widespread. I don't really know how we can reasonably address this
> > short-term, adding EINTR handling to all the places that don't yet have
> > it (and ensuring that it stays that way) seems like it's a lot to backport.
>
> The only idea that comes to mind is to invent a wrapper for open
> (and other affected syscalls) that adds a loop-on-EINTR.  Ugly,
> and it would not fix third-party extensions until they're recompiled.
>
> My inclination is to regard this as something that's Apple's problem,
> at least for now.  Perhaps they'll realize what a disaster it is.
> (OTOH, they've proven pretty mulish on making SIP usable...)

Can anyone reproduce the problem on 11.3.1+?  This comment seems like
a promising clue that they might have recently made it restartable, or
something like that:

https://github.com/PostgresApp/PostgresApp/issues/610#issuecomment-839210363

On Sun, May 30, 2021 at 01:29:26AM +1200, Thomas Munro wrote:
> Can anyone reproduce the problem on 11.3.1+?  This comment seems like
> a promising clue that they might have recently made it restartable, or
> something like that:
>
> https://github.com/PostgresApp/PostgresApp/issues/610#issuecomment-839210363

FWIW, I have a laptop running now 11.4, and I don't see any random
EINTR popping out for no reasons anymore.  So it seems to me that
there is nothing we need to do here, and that Apple took care of
what they broke.
--
Michael